Agriculture and plant
protection being in the concurrent list of the constitution, plant protection
activities in the States and Union Territories mainly fall under the purview of
the States/UTs. However, the Central Government has an advisory and
coordinating role including training apart from being directly responsible for
plant quarantine and the locust control in the “Scheduled Desert Area”. One of
the main responsibilities entrusted with the Directorate of Plant Protection,
Quarantine & Storage, under the central sector is to introduce innovative
and advanced technology such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) through the
field Centres and initially Central Plant Protection stations (13) were
established during 1957-58.
Year
|
Event / Activity
|
1925-31
|
Locust Plagues in India were the classical example
of crop failure
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has
launched a scheme to control Locust.
|
1939
|
Locust Warning Organization (LWO) was established
with its headquarter at Karachi (Now in Pakistan) and a sub-station at
Jodhpur.
|
1941-42
|
Bengal famine was appeared due to leaf spot disease
of rice was the 2nd classical example of crop failure.
|
1945
|
Indian famine
enquiry commission was formed which recommended the need of establishment of
Permanent organization for control of pest & diseases called as Central
Plant Protection Organization which is now called as Directorate of Plant
Protection Quarantine & Storage. The commission was headed by Wood Head
Commission.
|
1946
|
Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine &
Storage was established at Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi.
|
1969
|
Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine &
Storage was shifted to Faridabad.
|
1957-58
|
Establishment of 13 numbers of Central Plant
Protection Stations.
|
1968
|
Central Insecticide Act-1968 was formed, there rules
were made in 1971
|
1970-71
|
Central surveillance station (19 No.) and Central
biological stations (5) were established which later on became 11.
|
1981
|
IPM work was commenced with conduction of IPM
demonstrations in Rice (40 H. each) and cotton (10 H. each) crops.
|
1985
|
IPM adopted as a cardinal principle for pest
management strategy under overall crop production programme.
Policy statement on IPM was given by the then
Honorable Agriculture Minister.
|
1990
|
26 Central Integrated Pest Management Centres
(CIPMCs) were established in 22 states vide Dte’s letter no11-5/90-P&C
dated 02.05.1996 enclosing therewith DAC letter no. 11-5/91-PP-I dated
23.03.1996. Under the scheme “Strengthening & Modernization of Pest
Management approach in India (SMPMA)” which were later on became 31 during 10th
five year plan.
|
2014-15
|
In 12th Five year plan EFC Memo, a
National mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) was formed
under which a submission on Plant Protection and Plant quarantine was
introduced since 2014-15. “Strengthening and Modernization of Pest Management
Approach in India has become one of the components of this submission
Five more CIPMCs were sanctioned during 12th
five year plan in the year 2014-15 besides one Pest Diagnostic Unit at CIPMC
Faridabad.
|
Human Resource Development in
National IPM Programme
Objective:
i.
To
disseminate the IPM message up to Grass Root Level among farming community.
ii.
To
make farmers competent to adopt IPM technology.
Three
Tier approach for National IPM programme:
i.
Season
long training to train/to make master trainers.
ii.
Establishment
of IPM Farmers Field Schools (FFS) to train Agriculture extension Officers
(Apprentice trainees) and Farmers to make them competent for taking self
decision about their own fields and to conduct FFS, IPM Farmers Field Schools
for their fellow farmers. Farmers Field Schools were organized in form of
cluster demonstrations. i.e., one cluster of four demonstrations or Farmers Field
Schools. The duration of Farmers Field Schools was then Ten weeks. These
Farmers Field Schools were organized through Non Formal Education (NFE) system.
iii.
Demonstrations
of field tested IPM practices to train farmers.
Short
duration training programmes:
Short
duration training programmes were started since 1980. First training programme
was conducted in 1980 at Bangalore to familiarize with Bio-control agents who
are found in abundance in Rice field and play measure role in natural pest
suppression. These programmes were organized by FAO-IPC regional project.
Season
long training programmes:
Season long training
programmes were started since 1993-94 with assistance of FAO-IPC/ADB-CABI/UNDP
projects.
IPM
related activities in India:
i.
Pest
Monitoring
ii.
Biological
control
iii.
Commercialization
of Bio-control agents
iv.
Quality
Control
v.
State
level IPM conferences
vi.
IPM
Publicity Material
Human Resource Development
Human Resource Development
(a) Conducting IPM Farmeres Field Schools
(b) Conducting Long duration Training Programmes (30 days duration SLTP)
(c) Conducting 5 days short duration training programme
(d) Conducting 2 days short duration training programme
(e) Preparation/revision of IPM Package of Practices of different crops.
(f) Preparation of SOP for IPM.
(g) Issuance of Pest Advisories based on survey and surveillance data.
(h) CROPSAP
(i) 100% Seed treatment programme
Way Forward
(1) Setting up of 4 new CIPMCs one each at Nashik (Maharashtra), Vijayawada (AP), Agra (Uttar Pradesh) and Jaipur (Rajasthan).
(2) Setting up of one pest diagnostic unit at CIPMC Faridabad.
(3) Setting up of Data Management cum Pest forecasting unit at each CIPMC and Hqrs also.
(4) Creation of Pest Emergency Mitigation Cell.
(5) Setting up of facilities of quality control of bio pesticides one each at Regional CIPMCs.
(6) Promotion of e-pest surveillance.
(7) Grow Safe food campaign programme.
