आई पी एम की नवीन विवेचना

दोस्तों आईपीएम का कार्य क्षेत्र सिर्फ वनस्पति संरक्षण अथवा नासिजीव प्रबंधन तक ही सीमित नहीं है बल्कि यह पर्यावरण, प्रकृति , समाज और जीवन के विभिन्न मुद्दों तथा ब्रह्मांड के कल्याण  से भी जुड़ा हुआ है। संपूर्ण कृषि पद्धति अथवा खेती प्रकृति पर आधारित है तथा खेती से उत्पन्न उत्पादों पर ही हमारा जीवन आधारित है। जीवन के स्थायित्व को कायम रखते हुए हमें खेती करनी चाहिए अथवा एकीकृत नाशी जीव प्रबंधन करना चाहिए।

आईपीएम बीज से लेकर फसलों के उत्पादों के अंतिम प्रयोग अर्थातend use एवं अगली फसल की तैयारी तक की फसलों के नशीजीवों की संख्या के प्रबंधन अर्थात उनकी संख्या को फसल पारिस्थितिक तंत्र में आर्थिक हानि स्टर के नीचे सीमित रखने के समेत पोस्ट हार्वेस्ट टेक्नोलॉजी, फसलों के उत्पादों का विपणन, व्यापार एवं सुरक्षित संग्रह तक की संपूर्ण फसल उत्पादन पद्धतियों का एक समेकित अथवा एकीकृत अथवा इंटीग्रेटेड प्रबंधन है।

आईपीएम संपूर्ण फसल उत्पादन,फसल रक्षा, फसलों में नासिजीवों का प्रबंधन ,फसल प्रबंधन,फसल विपणन, पोस्ट हार्वेस्ट टेक्नोलॉजी ,  फसल पारिस्थितिक तंत्र की जैव विविधता,फसल विविधता, फसल उत्पादों का ट्रेड तथा फसल उत्पादों का स्टोरेज आदि की बीज  से लेकर फसल उत्पादों के अंतिम प्रयोग तक की एक समेकित विचारधारा, विज्ञान, दर्शन, अध्यात्म, समाजशास्त्र, अर्थशास्त्र, टेक्नोलॉजी, प्रबंधन, योजना तथा नीति शास्त्र है जिसमें कम से कम खर्चे में, कम से कम रसायनों का इस्तेमाल करते हुए, तथा सामुदायिक स्वास्थ्य, पर्यावरण, पारिस्थितिक, तंत्र जैव विविधता, जीवन एवं इसके पांच महा भूत यानी पृथ्वी, जल, पावक, गगन, समीर आदि को कम से कम बाधा पहुंचाते हुए फसल उत्पादन, फसल रक्षा, फसल प्रबंधन आदि की विधियों को समेकित रूप से प्रयोग करते हुए फसल पारिस्थितिक तंत्र में पाए जाने वाले हानिकारक जीवों की संख्या को आर्थिक हानी स्टार के नीचे सीमित रखते हुए देश तथा परिवार जिसमें जानवर भी शामिल होते हैं की जरूरत के हिसाब से फसलों की जरूरत का नियोजन करते हुए खाने के योग्य सुरक्षित तथा व्यापार हेतु गुणवत्ता युक्त फसल उत्पादों जैसे अनाज ,सब्जी, दाल ,फल ,चीनी गुड, मोटे अनाज पौष्टिक अनाज, दैनिक जरूरत की चीजे तेल, दूध ,कपड़ा, meat, पशुओं का चारा ,अंडा ,लकड़ी आदि का अधिक से अधिक मात्रा में इस प्रकार से उत्पादन किया जाता है जिससे इन उत्पादों का अधिक से अधिक विक्रय मूल्य मिल सके तथा खाने के योग्य सुरक्षित भोजन के साथ खाद्य सुरक्षा भी सुनिश्चित की जा सके (फूड सिक्योरिटीअलंग विथ फूड सेफ्टी,) साथ ही साथ कृषकों की आमदनी में बढ़ोतरी हो सके और उनकी संपन्नता सुनिश्चित की जा सके।

                                               राम आसरे

                          अपर वनस्पति संरक्षण सलाहकार।                                     ,आईपीएम। (सेवानिवृत्ति)

Role of biological control in IPM.

 IPM has been implemented as an bio Ecological approach to manage the pest population below ETL  through use of bio control agents like Spiders insect predators,Insect parasitoids Entomo.  pathogenic agents.Antagonestic  fungi.,Nematodes like DD 136 nematodes agents and different types of biopesticides of zoological and plant origin in nature.etc.

. What is biological control ?

*Methods of controlling pests by  using another organisms is called as biological control .

*Use of biota to control biota.

*फसलों के नासिजीवों  को नियंत्रित करने के लिए दूसरे जीवों को प्रयोग करना जैविक नियंत्रण कहलाता है और इन प्रयोग किए जाने वाले जीवों को जैव नियंत्रण कारक कहते हैं।इस विधि में नसी जीवो तथा जैव नियंत्रण कारकों के बीच होने वाले संबंधों जैसे जीवन चक्र भोजन ,मानव सहित अन्य जीवों पर प्रभाव अध्ययन करके नशीजीवों का नियंत्रण एवं प्रबंध किया जाता है । नशीजीवों  तथा जैव नियंत्रण कारकों के परस्पर संबंधों तथा प्रतिस्पर्धा के द्वारा ही नाशी जीवो का जैव नियंत्रण कारकों के द्वारा नियंत्रण तथा प्रबंध होता है । नशीजीवों  तथा जैव नियंत्रण कारकों के बीच भोजन , जीवन चक्र रहने के लिए स्थान एवं शरण हेतु प्रतिस्पर्धा होती है।

परस्पर प्रतिस्पर्धा की दृष्टिकोण से जैव नियंत्रण कारक निम्न प्रकार के होते हैं।

Parasites,parasitoids,predators,pathogens, Antagonist organisms.

Antagonist:-Any organismthat suppressor interferes with the normal growth and activity of plant pathogens are called as Antagonistic organisms.These Antagonistic organisms can be used as biocontrol agents specially for plant pathogens.For examples.,...

Aspergillus has an Antagonistic effect on Penicillium and cldosporium.Trichoderma has effect on Actinomycetes.

Classical biocontrol:-

It is the practice of     intro ducing one or group of biocontrol agents of foreign origin to another area to control pests .In this practice biocontrol agents are reared and mass multiplied in lab and released in the desired problematic area to control and to  establish,colonize,and introduce temporary or permanently.Direct and indirect recovery tests are conducted to see their colonizationand introduction.

Biocontrol agents are reared on field collected or lab reared on fictitious host culture  or on real host cultures.Corcyra cephalonica is a Common laboratory host culture being used for mass rearing of biocontrol agents.

Stretagies of biocontrol;-

1.Importation of biocontrol agents .

2. Mass multiplication of biocontrol agents.

3.Release of biocontrol agents 

4.Recovery trials observations on colnization and establishment of different exotic and indigenous biocontrol agents in problematic or new atea.

5 Identification of recovered biocontrol agents.

 Ecological  approaches  for the implementarion of IPM.

Augmentation of biocontrol agents

Supplimental release of biocontrol agents posting the naturally occurring population of of biocontrol agents.

Inundative release of biocontrol agents.

When the millions of biocontrol agents are released regularly. It is  called as inundative release of biocontrol agents.

Innocultive release of biocontrol agents.

When only few biocontrol agents are released at critical time of pest stage,

Conservation of biocontrol agents,

Removal of those cultural practices which are harmful to the biocontrol agents is called as conservation of biocontrol agents.

To make Agroecosystem and environment favourable or conducive  for the build up of population of biocontrol agents.

To facilitate the survival and multiplication of population of biocontrol agents.

Ecological approaches  for the  implementarion  of IPM.

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Check Points for implementation of IPM.

1.Organiging  Season Long Training programmes for trainers ie Training of Trainers (TOT).

2.Organiging departmental meeting  for making step wise deatailed  IPM Programme.

3.Organiging State level conferences to finalize the modality and detail of programme in different states.

4.Selection of ares/villages ,blocks,districts,states based on problems related with pests,pesticides,marketing ,Social problems etc.

5.Bench Mark/Baseline Surveys to assess problems for conducting IPM and to note the prevailing knowledge found in farmers about IPM.

6.Procurement of seed and IPM and Natural Farming Inputs ,IPM kits,printing of publicity material and Literature for distribution among farmers and atate Extention officers etc.

7.Land preparation ,presowing activities of  farming ,selection of crop rotation etc.

8.Orgamiging Seed Treatment Campaign.and Grow Safe Food Programmeand distribution IPM inputs to the farmers.

9.Date of Commencement of IPM Farmers Field Schools villagewise.

10.Orientation training Programme for Core Training Teames  village wise.selection of apprentice training teams .

Preevauation programme for farmers,core training team ,and apprentice Teames.

11.Market assessment  for selling of crop produce.

12.Distribution of  IPM kits 

13.Preparation of datewise or weekly programme for conducting IPM FFS.

14.Commencement and Conducting of weekly wise IPM  FFS.

15. Inter FFS Visits of the farmers 

16.Orgaming Field Day In FFS villages as per feasibility.

17.Assessesment of Cost benefit Ratio and effectiveness of IPM programme..

Materials for Trans light

IPM  Thoughts  by Ram Asre,IPM Philosopher and Legends.

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1.Lets  pray with IPM Goddess for the betterment of Universe including life ,nature and society.

-Adopt IPM for better Environment to IPM for  betterment  and welfare of all in Universe.

- Food Security and food  sefety must go on simultaneously.

,-Adopt IPM to make safe and Secure Agriculture.

-जहर मुक्त खेती और रोग मुक्त समाज

 यही है आईपीएम एवं प्राकृतिक खेती का प्रयास 

To make Poison free farming and disease free society is the effort of IPM.

-Natural Farming is the improved version of IPM with no use of chemical , conservation of biodiversity and enhancement of soil fertility.

-IPM is to get rid of pest problem with minimum expenditure,minimum use of chemicals and with least disturbance to environment ecosystem ,nature and society.

-IPM is a supper concept for integration of different concepts related with crop production, protection, marketing and management up to the end use of crop produce.

2.Besides Science ,IPM is a concept, Philosophy, Spirituality, Sociology, Economics,Ecological Engineering,harmony with nature and society,conservation of biodiversity and five elements of life, skill development and Awareness programme for IPM stakeholders and also the technology of doing farming including pest management, marketing and trade ,Ecological study and manipulation,legal aspects and   Ecological  Engineering,harmony with life ,nature and society and creation of awareness and publicity about Ill effects of chemicals on nature and society.and improvement of fertility of soil,and conservation of biodiversity and five elements of life ie Earth,water,Agni or Solar,Sky or Cosmic Energy and air.

3.Natural farming  is the improved  version of I PM in which no chemical is used in farming and priority is given to improve soil fertility,qua. tity of organic carbon ,humus , microorganisms and micronutrients in soil, conservation of biodiversity, ground water,soil moisture etc. based on deshi earth worm,deshi seeds,deshi cow and deshi methods and a natural process goingon in the nature.

4.IPM has now become super integration of integration of different aspects and concepts of crop production, protection, management, marketing,post harvest technology even up to the consumption of agricultural commodities produced.

5.Do not make development catestrphic in nature.

6 IPM is .to get rid of from pest problems with minimum expenditure, minimum use of chemicals ie  pesticides and fertilizers and with least disturbance of community health, environment, ecosystem biodiversity,life, nature and society.

7.Lets include  the methods and  inputs of natural farming   in IPM as they do not have any chemical  method .

8.IPM is not only related with plant protection but it is related with all aspects of life, nature and society.

9.Based on the experieces of Corona pendemic appeared during 2020 and also the experiences of Natural Farming it  is cocluded that if we can contain /overcome  Corona problem  successfully and can do  the Natural Farming without use of medicine  and chemicals respectively successfully we can also implement IPM without use of IPM inputs or chemicals  . It meanse that the 

 Farming can be done without use of chemicals .

10.A strong will power ,correct vision, willingness of doing work,proactiveness to make strategy,to get success at any cost,to motivate  and aware citizens and society, enforcement of law  with correct procedure,to make correct strategy at correct time,Social awareness, Education, training and self participation,demonstration, empowerment, and availability of desired inputs  are the essential requirements  for the implementation of IPM or natural farming.

11.IPM is the way of farming with due care of community health, environment, ecosystem, biodiversity,life ,nature and society

To ensure food security along with food safety which  is based on Lord Buddha's principles of non-violence,Sympathy,tolerence, sensitivity,Harmony ,Universal brotherhood and global welfare,friendly to everyone and happiness to everyone ,Live and let live,welfare and safetey to all .

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Conservation of biodiversity,natural resources and fiv--e elements of life.Rejuvination of damaged agroecosystem damaged due to indiscriminate use of chemicals in agriculture and to promote fertility,organic Carbon , humus, microorganisms and microelements  in the soil.

13.Farming can be done without chemicals or insecticides but it can not be done without insects .

14. The scope of IPM will remain till human life will exist in this world.

15.I PM is a social movement to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture.

आई पी एम कृषि से रसायनों के उपयोग को कम करने का एक सामाजिक आंदोलन है ।

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IPM is based on Lord Buddha's principles of non-violence, Sympathy, Tolerence, Sensitivity, Harmony,Global welfare,Friendly to every one and Happiness to everyone,and  Live and  Let live.

Get away from chemicals and approaching towards Nature is the basic theme of IPM.

1. प्राकृतिक खेती आईपीएम का ही एक सुधरा हुआ रूप है ।

      Natural Farming is an improved version of

IPM.