Wednesday, April 15, 2020

Major pest Emergencies in India.

1.Total destruction of crops due to Locust plagues between1925-31.Locust warning Organisation was established during 1939 with its Hqtrs at Karanchi now in Pakistan after partition.
2.A devastating Famine was appeared in Bengal province of British India during 1943-1944.Nearly 2.1to 3 million deaths were estimated.Brown Leaf Spot disease pm Rice crop caused by Helminthosporium oryzeae mow called as H. miyablans was responsible to cause Bengal Famine. This disease give rise the birth of Directorate of plant protection,quarantine and Storage  in1946after the recommendation Indian Famine Inquary Commission  headed by Sir John Woodhead.
2.India was facing the problems of Locust plagues up to 1962.
3.In late sixties high yielding varieties of Rice such as Taichung  native-1(TN no 1)and IR 8 were introduced to maximise the crop production. Later on these varieties were found attacked by green leaf hoppers Nephotetix Sp,,Rice Tungru Virus(RTV) ,Bacterial Leaf blight during 1969in Eastern UP,Bihar,west Bengal ,Orrissa,and MP States.Adhoc Rice Surveys had started on 10 days intervals by Govt of India along with Ford foundation and states govts as the beginning of pest Surveillance  in India.During fourth five year plan 12 nos of Central Surveillance  Stations were established which later on increased to 19 during fifth five year plan.
4.Epidemics of Sugarcane Pyrilla appears during 1973 and 1984 which were controlled by introducing an ecto parasitic of Pyrilla Called Epiricania melanoleucaca saved Rs 4 crores  in govt exchaqure by way of avoiding aerial spraying of chemical pesticides on Sugarcane.
5 . Pyrilla epidemics had also controlled  with above mentioned parasite during 1984 and 1985.
6.Large scale incursions of locust appeared during 1978,1993,2005 were controlled  by way of organising massive control operations.The incursions of Migratory locust observed in cold desert of Leh and kargil distts of Ladakh religion of Jummu and Kashmir  state.
7.Wide spread outbreak of Whitefly on Cotton crop was also observed during 1984 and 1985 in Prakasham and Guntur distts of A P.states.The farmers suffered a lot due to complete destruction of Cotton crop in A P state.The farmers replaced the Cotton crop with Turmeric crop.
8.Epidemic of Heliothis armigera now called as Helicoverpa armigera  was also appeared on different crops during 1990 in all over India and also observed failure of the crops.
9.Outbreak of White Fly on Cotton crop was appeared during 2o15-2016 in Pnjab and Haryana states.
10.Yellow rust o f Wheat crops being managed every year since 2010-11.in northern states of India.through regular monitoring and Surveillance. 
11.problem of Swarming caterpillars on rice crop in Odisha state appeared during2010-2011to 2014 -2015.
12 .Outbreak of Cotton Mealy bug in Punjab and Haryana states during 2007-08.

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